Visual information is processed in the retina to a remarkable degree before it is transmitted
to higher visual centres. Several types of retinal ganglion cells (the output neurons of the …

The mammalian retina is an important model system for studying neural circuitry: Its role in
sensation is clear, its cell types are relatively well defined, and its responses to natural …

Motion vision provides essential cues for navigation and course control as well as for mate,
prey, or predator detection. Consequently, neurons responding to visual motion in a …

Images projected onto the retina of an animal eye are rarely still. Instead, they usually
contain motion signals originating either from moving objects or from retinal slip caused by …

The synaptic mechanisms of feature coding in the visual cortex are poorly understood,
particularly in awake animals. The ratio between excitation (E) and inhibition (I) might be …

Neural responses are noisy, and circuit structure can correlate this noise across neurons.
Theoretical studies show that noise correlations can have diverse effects on population …

Summary In the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose
the photoreceptor signal into parallel channels [1–8], providing the basis for the functional …

Inferring the direction of image motion is a fundamental component of visual computation
and essential for visually guided behavior. In the retina, the direction of image motion is …

Visual motion on the retina activates a cohort of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This
population activity encodes multiple streams of information extracted by parallel retinal …

Synapses are the fundamental units of information processing in the mammalian brain.
Much of our understanding of their functional properties comes from voltage-clamp analysis …