Background Renal endothelial cells from glomerular, cortical, and medullary kidney
compartments are exposed to different microenvironmental conditions and support specific …

In the coming years, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and intensity of
heatwaves. In many organisms, heat stress provokes physiological perturbations and can …

The gut microbiota is composed of a diverse population of obligate and facultative anaerobic
microorganisms which are shown to influence host metabolism and immune homeostasis …

Rising temperatures pose a grave risk to arid zone birds because they are already living
close to their physiological limits and must balance water conservation against the need for …

Water constraints can mediate evolutionary conflict either among individuals (eg, parent-
offspring conflict, sexual conflict) or within an individual (eg, cost of reproduction). During …

To maintain constant body temperature (T b) over a wide range of ambient temperatures (T
a) endothermic animals require large amounts of energy and water. In hot environments, the …

Animals can cope with dehydration in a myriad of ways, both behaviorally and
physiologically. The oxidation of protein produces more metabolic water per kilojoule than …

Some ant species live in hot and arid environments, such as deserts and savannas. Worker
polymorphism—variation in worker size and/or morphology within colonies—is adaptive in …

Situational or persistent body fluid deficit (ie, de-or hypo-hydration) is considered a
significant health risk factor. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been suggested as an …

In the mid-continental grasslands of North America, climate change is increasing the
intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Increasingly severe storms and …