The β-lactams retain a central place in the antibacterial armamentarium. In Gram-negative
bacteria, β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bond of the four-membered β …

Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo,
DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In …

Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases widely distributed in all phyla
of life. Accumulating evidence indicates that sirtuins are important regulators of organism life …

Adiponectin receptors (ADIPORs) are integral membrane proteins that control glucose and
lipid metabolism by mediating, at least in part, a cellular ceramidase activity that catalyses …

OBJECTIVE—SIRT1, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is known to interfere with the
nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and thereby has an anti-inflammatory function …

SUMMARY Mycothiol (MSH; AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is the major thiol found in Actinobacteria and
has many of the functions of glutathione, which is the dominant thiol in other bacteria and …

Sirtuins have emerged as important proteins in aging, stress resistance and metabolic
regulation. Three sirtuins, SIRT3, 4 and 5, are located within the mitochondrial matrix. SIRT3 …

Enzymes that catalyse the synthesis and breakdown of glycosidic bonds account for 1–3%
of the proteins encoded by the genomes of most organisms. At the current rate, over 12 000 …

Enzymes catalyse numerous reactions in nature, often causing spectacular accelerations in
the catalysis rate. One aspect of understanding how enzymes achieve these feats is to …

Carbohydrate esterases (CEs) catalyze the de-O or de-N-acylation by removing the ester
decorations from carbohydrates. CEs are currently classified in 15 families in the …