Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and
placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a …

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, burdensome condition that is historically
understudied. Consequently, there is a lack of understanding of the etiology of the disease …

The innate immune system is the oldest protection strategy that is conserved across all
organisms. Although having an unspecific action, it is the first and fastest defense …

Microbial colonization of the human intestine impacts host metabolism and immunity;
however, exactly when colonization occurs is unclear. Although many studies have reported …

The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used
as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of …

Background Reports regarding the presence of bacteria in the fetal environment remain
limited and controversial. Recently, extracellular vesicles secreted by the human gut …

Sequencing-based approaches for the analysis of microbial communities are susceptible to
contamination, which could mask biological signals or generate artifactual ones. Methods for …

The development of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract microbiota remains a poorly
understood process. The interplay between neonatal (gestational age, genetic background) …

Introduction The placenta is essential for fetal growth and survival and maintaining a
successful pregnancy. The sterility of the placenta has been challenged recently; however …

Objective To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial
composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential relation …