Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation, autophagy, and
apoptosis by participating in multiple signaling pathways in the body. Studies have shown …

Metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced biosynthesis of macromolecules, altered
energy metabolism, and maintenance of redox homeostasis, is considered a hallmark of …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Ubiquitination is an essential regulator of most, if not all, signalling pathways, and defects in
cellular signalling are central to cancer initiation, progression and, eventually, metastasis …

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival,
metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase and a master
regulator of cell growth and metabolism, forms two structurally and functionally distinct …

The cellular response to external stress signals and DNA damage depends on the activity of
ubiquitin ligases (E3s), which regulate numerous cellular processes, including homeostasis …

Abstract Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has achieved impressive therapeutic outcomes in
patients with multiple cancer types. However, the underlined molecular mechanism (s) for …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in
regulating cell growth, proliferation, and life span. mTOR signaling is a central regulator of …