The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major
characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine …

The caveolin gene family has three members in vertebrates: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and
caveolin-3. So far, most caveolin-related research has been conducted in mammals, but the …

Unique developmental features during puberty, pregnancy, lactation and post-lactation
make the mammary gland a prime object to explore genetic circuits that control the …

Caveolae are 50-to 100-nm omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that
function as regulators of signal transduction. Caveolins are a class of oligomeric structural …

Caveolae, a subset of membrane (lipid) rafts, are flask-like invaginations of the plasma
membrane that contain caveolin proteins, which serve as organizing centers for cellular …

Transcription factors from the family of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription
(STAT) are activated by numerous cytokines. Two members of this family, STAT5A and …

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the principal structural component of caveolae membrane domains in
non-muscle cells, including mammary epithelia. There is now clear evidence that caveolin-1 …

Stats (for signal transducers and activators of transcription) are a family of transcription
factors that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Their activity is latent until …

The heme oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes generate the gaseous
signaling molecules carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide, respectively. Constitutive NOSs …

Caveolae, plasma membrane invaginations that serve as membrane organizing centers, are
found in most cell types, but are enriched in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and myocytes …