Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics
and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important …

Liquids confined down to the atomic scale can show radically new properties. However, only
indirect and ensemble measurements operate in such extreme confinement, calling for …

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as a promising material platform for
nanophotonics and quantum sensing, hosting optically active defects with exceptional …

Proton relay between interfacial water molecules allows rapid two-dimensional diffusion. An
energy barrier, Δ G r‡, opposes proton-surface-to-bulk release. The Δ G r‡-regulating …

Driven by physical questions pertaining to quantifying particle dynamics, microscopy can
now resolve complex systems at the single-particle level, from cellular organisms to …

The theoretical understanding of the coupling relationship between ionic thermodynamics
and electron kinetics in the vicinity of fluid–solid interfaces is highly important. In this study …

Adapting optical microscopy methods for nanoscale characterization of defects in two-
dimensional (2D) materials is a vital step for photonic on-chip devices. To increase the …

The high propensity of protons to stay at interfaces has attracted much attention over the
decades. It enables long-range interfacial proton diffusion without relying on titratable …

Direct observation of single-molecule interactions and dynamic configurations in situ is a
demanding challenge but crucial for both chemical and biological systems. However, optical …

Nanostructures made of two-dimensional (2D) materials have become the flagship of
nanofluidic discoveries in recent years. By confining liquids down to a few atomic layers …