A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural
structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental …

Abstract Lynch, MA. Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Physiol Rev 84: 87–136, 2004;
10.1152/physrev. 00014.2003.—One of the most significant challenges in neuroscience is to …

I propose a reconceptualization of key phenomena important in the study of emotion—those
phenomena that reflect functions and circuits related to survival, and that are shared by …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …

The mammalian brain comprises a number of functionally distinct systems. It might therefore
be expected that natural selection on particular behavioural capacities would have caused …

Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning is recognized as a model system to investigate the
neurobiological mechanisms of learning and memory in the mammalian brain and to …

Sleep is controlled by two processes: a homeostatic drive that increases during waking and
dissipates during sleep, and a circadian pacemaker that controls its timing. Although these …

Fear is induced by innate and learned mechanisms involving separate pathways. Here, we
used an olfactory-mediated innate-fear versus learned-fear paradigm to investigate how …

Learning to contend with threats in the environment is essential to survival, but dysregulation
of memories for traumatic events can lead to disabling psychopathology. Recent years have …

The amygdala plays a role in learning and memory processes that involve an emotional
component. However, neural structures that regulate these amygdala-dependent processes …