Biomaterials have evolved from inert materials that lack interaction with the body to
biologically active, instructive materials that host and provide signals to surrounding cells …

Beyond traditional needs of biosensors such as high sensitivity and selectivity for analyte
detection, newly emerging requirements including a real-time detection ability and in-field …

Genetically encoded biosensors are the vital components of synthetic biology and metabolic
engineering, as they are regarded as powerful devices for the dynamic control of genotype …

Electroactive microorganisms possess the unique ability to transfer electrons to or from solid
phase electron conductors, eg, electrodes or minerals, through various physiological …

Stimuli-responsive materials are able to undergo controllable changes in materials
properties in response to external cues. Increasing efforts have been directed towards …

Synthetic biology aims to modify cellular behaviors by implementing genetic circuits that
respond to changes in cell state. Integrating genetic biosensors into endogenous gene …

At the intersection of synthetic biology and materials science, engineered living materials
(ELMs) exhibit unprecedented potential. Possessing unique “living” attributes, ELMs …

Whole cell biosensors are genetic systems that link the presence of a chemical, or other
stimulus, to a user-defined gene expression output for applications in sensing and control …

Genetically engineered (GE) bacteria were utilized for developing functional systems upon
confinement within a restricted space. Use of natural soft hydrogel such as alginate, gelatin …

Modules, toolboxes, and synthetic biology systems may be designed to address
environmental bioremediation. However, weak and decentralized functional modules …