Chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period
when the disease is clinically silent and therefore diagnosis, evaluation and treatment is …

Purpose of the review Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are
conditions that substantially increase morbidity and mortality. Although novel biomarkers are …

Background: Absence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is traditionally considered low
risk for atherosclerosis; however, individuals without CVRFs, as currently defined, still have …

Background Estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that are based on serum creatinine
are routinely used; however, they are imprecise, potentially leading to the overdiagnosis of …

Background Adding the measurement of cystatin C to that of serum creatinine to determine
the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improves accuracy, but the effect on …

Background The discovery of novel and highly predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) has the potential to improve risk‐stratification methods and may be …

Context The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation more
accurately estimates glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than the Modification of Diet in Renal …

BACKGROUND: Substantial controversy surrounds the use of estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR) and albuminuria to define chronic kidney disease and assign its stages. We …

Chronic kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney
structure and function. The 2002 guidelines for definition and classification of this disease …

Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the
endogenous glomerular filtration rate (GFR)‐markers creatinine or cystatin C. A …