Microbial life represents the majority of Earth's biodiversity. Across disparate disciplines from
medicine to forestry, scientists continue to discover how the microbiome drives essential …

Three decades of research have demonstrated that biodiversity can promote the functioning
of ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear whether the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem …

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and
climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system. Remote-sensing estimates to …

Multispecies tree planting has long been applied in forestry and landscape restoration in the
hope of providing better timber production and ecosystem services; however, a systematic …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth.
However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties …

Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental
or observational designs—designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal …

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations induce adverse effects in plants. We reviewed
how ozone affects (i) the composition and diversity of plant communities by affecting key …

Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of
whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new …

A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily
focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale …