Whether or not the scale of a society's income inequality is a determinant of population
health is still regarded as a controversial issue. We decided to review the evidence and see …

This article reviews 98 aggregate and multilevel studies examining the associations
between income inequality and health. Overall, there seems to be little support for the idea …

There is now substantial evidence that larger income differences in a society increase the
prevalence of most of the health and social problems that tend to occur more frequently …

A 'risk environment'framework promotes an understanding of harm, and harm reduction, as a
matter of 'contingent causation'. Harm is contingent upon social context, comprising …

▪ Abstract Urbanization is one of the most important demographic shifts worldwide during the
past century and represents a substantial change from how most of the world's population …

Study objective: To assess the relations between characteristics of the neighbourhood
internal and external built environment and past six month and lifetime depression. Design …

Background Drug overdose deaths have risen precipitously over the last fifteen years.
Substantial geographic variation, beyond a simple rural-urban dichotomy, exists in the …

PURPOSE: It has long been suggested that certain characteristics of the urban environment
may influence population mental health. However, evidence from multilevel research …

Background People experiencing homelessness have higher rates of problematic
substance use but difficulty engaging with treatment services. There is limited evidence …

Evidence about the relationship between contextual variables and substance use is
conflicting. Relationships between neighborhood income and income distribution and the …