Smoking is one of the major causes of mortality and numerous diseases, both directly and
indirectly. The role of smoking as a significant risk factor is already known in several human …

One of the most harmful heavy metals that is commonly found in water, air, soil, and
sediments is cadmium (Cd). Humans are most exposed to cadmium through inhalation …

Metal pollution is a serious environmental issue triggered by the release of heavy metal ions
into the natural environment. Human activities such as metal mining, agriculture, and …

Hookah smoking has been spreading around the world, especially among young adults.
The current study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals and elements and …

Wound healing is a complex, highly regulated process that is important in sustaining the skin
barrier function. The etiologic relation of specific metals is not adequately described for …

Background: The analysis of heavy metals in the blood serum can serve as a reliable
indicator for establishing the association between cigarette smoking and the presence of …