The present review article aims to study different aspects involving ethanol combustion and
utilization. The review deals with the production and sustainability of corn-based and …

Spark ignition gasoline vehicles comprise most light duty vehicles worldwide. These
vehicles were not historically associated with PM emissions. This changed about 15 years …

Gasoline direct injection (GDI), which is one of the fuel injection technologies extensively
used in internal combustion engines, is a viable alternative for port fuel injection technology …

The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of
diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At …

Particulate black carbon (BC) affects global warming by absorbing the solar radiation, by
affecting cloud formation, and by decreasing ground albedo when deposited to snow or ice …

Road transport significantly contributes to air pollution in cities. Emission regulations have
led to significantly reduced emissions in modern vehicles. Particle emissions are controlled …

As critical precursors of tropospheric ozone (O 3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA),
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) largely influence air quality in urban environments. In …

Several studies on ethanol as a biofuel have been comprehensively carried out. Today, a
growing interest in longer chain alcohols has emerged due to their favourable physical and …

Engine start-stop (S&S) technology has been substantially incorporated into modern
vehicles to save fuel during idling in congested urban areas because fuel economy …

Renewable fuels are essential to meet climate protection goals, especially for decarbonizing
the existing vehicle fleet. In addition, optimized and specially designed fuels allow emissions …