Radiotherapy (RT) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells
and shrink tumors. Although great success has been achieved on radiotherapy, there is still …

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Although reverse ventricular remodelling was long thought to be irreversible, evidence from …

As a functional amino acid (AA), L-arginine (Arg) serves not only as a building block of
protein but also as an essential substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), creatine …

Background Riociguat and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), approved for the
treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), act on the same pathway via different …

The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its “incretin effect”
in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a common complication of left heart diseases (LHD),
negatively impacts symptoms, exercise capacity, and outcome. Although the true prevalence …

Half of patients with heart failure (HF) have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
(HFpEF). Morbidity and mortality in HFpEF are similar to values observed in patients with HF …

To date, studies suggest that biological signaling by nitric oxide (NO) is primarily mediated
by cGMP, which is synthesized by NO-activated guanylyl cyclases and broken down by …

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11
families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of …

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a key enzyme of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, is
attracting rapidly growing interest as a therapeutic target in cardiopulmonary disease, with …