Background: Virologic and immunologic responses to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in
infants may differ from older children due to immunologic, clinical, or epidemiologic …

The incidence and severity of infections in childhood is typically greater in males. The basis
for these observed sex differences is not well understood, and potentially may facilitate …

Background: Early antiretroviral treatment (ART) improves outcomes in children, but few
studies have comprehensively evaluated the impact of ART started from the first week of life …

Introduction The frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America has decreased considerably. However, new …

Background Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in children remains challenging due to resource-
constrained settings. We conducted a 13-year, prospective, multicenter cohort study on the …

Background: Previous studies have developed methodologies for predicting the number of
CD4+ cells from the total leukocyte and lymphocytes count based on mathematical …

About 90% of new HIV-1 infections in children occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where treatment
monitoring remains suboptimal. We sought to ascertain factors associated with …

Background Over the past 30 years, since the first cases of what is now recognized as
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were identified in 1981, the number of …

Background. The two major comrbidities (anemia and poor nutrition) are common
manifestations of HIV‐infected children, which threaten their lives. In Ethiopia, there is …

Given the numerous advancements over the past 2 years, the goal of this article is to
highlight specific developments in pediatric pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutics from …