Kratom—pharmacology, clinical implications, and outlook: a comprehensive review

SC Eastlack, EM Cornett, AD Kaye - Pain and therapy, 2020 - Springer
Kratom, or Mitragyna, is a tropical plant indigenous to Southeast Asia, with unique
pharmacological properties. It is commonly consumed by preparing the leaves into …

The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse

AC Kruegel, O Grundmann - Neuropharmacology, 2018 - Elsevier
The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom), a tree endogenous to parts
of Southeast Asia, have been used traditionally for their stimulant, mood-elevating, and …

Patterns of kratom use and health impact in the US—results from an online survey

O Grundmann - Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017 - Elsevier
Background Kratom preparations have raised concerns of public health and safety in the
US. Investigation into the demographics, perceived beneficial and detrimental effects of …

Synthetic and Receptor Signaling Explorations of the Mitragyna Alkaloids: Mitragynine as an Atypical Molecular Framework for Opioid Receptor Modulators

AC Kruegel, MM Gassaway, A Kapoor… - Journal of the …, 2016 - ACS Publications
Mu-opioid receptor agonists represent mainstays of pain management. However, the
therapeutic use of these agents is associated with serious side effects, including potentially …

From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction

Z Hassan, M Muzaimi, V Navaratnam… - Neuroscience & …, 2013 - Elsevier
Kratom (or Ketum) is a psychoactive plant preparation used in Southeast Asia. It is derived
from the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Kratom as well as its main alkaloid, mitragynine …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic

A Garcia-Romeu, DJ Cox, KE Smith, KE Dunn… - Drug and alcohol …, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Background Kratom, a Southeast Asian plant with opioid-receptor mediated effects,
has emerged as a potential substance of abuse, with limited data on its use and effects. This …

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow…and Back Again? A Review of Herbal Marijuana Alternatives (K2, Spice), Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts), Kratom, Salvia divinorum …

CD Rosenbaum, SP Carreiro, KM Babu - Journal of medical toxicology, 2012 - Springer
Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse
remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or …

Following “the Roots” of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a …

E Cinosi, G Martinotti, P Simonato… - BioMed research …, 2015 - Wiley Online Library
The use of substances to enhance human abilities is a constant and cross‐cultural feature in
the evolution of humanity. Although much has changed over time, the availability on the …

Kratom use and mental health: A systematic review

MT Swogger, Z Walsh - Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2018 - Elsevier
Abstract Background Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant native to
Southeastern Asia that is receiving increased international attention as a potential …

Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011–2017

S Post, HA Spiller, T Chounthirath, GA Smith - Clinical toxicology, 2019 - Taylor & Francis
Abstract Context: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that
has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self …