One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is
ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin …

As part of the neurovascular unit, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique, dynamic
regulatory boundary that limits and regulates the exchange of molecules, ions, and cells …

Objective Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuroprotective
approaches have failed in clinical trials, thus warranting therapeutic innovations with …

Inflammation is currently considered a prime target for the development of new stroke
therapies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and then circulating …

Microglia are brain resident macrophages originated from primitive progenitor cells in the
yolk sac. Microglia can be activated within hours and recruited to the lesion site …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is central to host
defense and inflammatory responses but under certain circumstances also triggers cell …

Review on the time-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells and unanswered questions
regarding inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Inflammation plays …

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms
of ischemic brain injury. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory response is a …

This review covers the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and future directions regarding
therapeutic options after injury. Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease process affecting …

Brain injury following transient or permanent focal cerebral ischaemia (stroke) develops from
a complex series of pathophysiological events that evolve in time and space. In this article …