Vitamin A or retinol is arguably the most multifunctional vitamin in the human body, as it is
essential from embryogenesis to adulthood. The pleiotropic effects of vitamin A are exerted …

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a negative feedback mechanism that neurons use to offset
excessive excitation or inhibition by adjusting their synaptic strengths. Recent findings …

Fragile X is the most common known inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism,
and it typically results from transcriptional silencing of FMR1 and loss of the encoded …

Brain function relies on the ability of neural networks to maintain stable levels of activity,
while experiences sculpt them. In the neocortex, the balance between activity and stability …

Normal brain function requires that the overall synaptic activity in neural circuits be kept
constant. Long-term alterations of neural activity lead to homeostatic regulation of synaptic …

Brain development, sensory information processing, and learning and memory processes
depend on Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, and on the remodeling and pruning of …

Central sensitization caused by spinal disinhibition is a key mechanism of mechanical
allodynia in neuropathic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal …

Nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are transcriptional regulators controlling the
expression of specific subsets of genes in a ligand-dependent manner. The basic …

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a process by which neurons adjust their synaptic strength
to compensate for perturbations in neuronal activity. Whether the highly diverse synapses on …

A defining feature of the brain is the ability of its synaptic contacts to adapt structurally and
functionally in an experience-dependent manner. In the human cortex, however, direct …