Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main structural component of the outer membrane of most
Gram-negative bacteria and has diverse immunostimulatory and procoagulant effects. Even …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of
Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to
exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and …

Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course
over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes …

Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal infections are independently
associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease. Although the …

Saturated fatty acids can activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 but polyunsaturated
fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibit the activation …

Many studies have shown that TLR4-and TLR2-deficient mice are protected from high-fat
diet–induced inflammation and insulin resistance, suggesting that saturated fatty acids …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents one of the most widespread bacterial infections
globally. Infection causes chronic gastritis and increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease …

Receptors involved in innate immunity to fungal pathogens have not been fully elucidated.
We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans receptors CED-1 and C03F11. 3, and their …

Alcohol consumption can induce brain damage, demyelination, and neuronal death,
although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Toll‐like receptors are sensors of the …