Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that orchestrate a vast range of biological processes,
from energy production and metabolism to cell death and inflammation. Despite this …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide. Motor deficits usually associated with PD correlate with dopaminergic axonal …

Various forms of cell death have been identified over the last decades with each relying on a
different subset of proteins for the activation and execution of their respective pathway (s). In …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production
and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the …

The major mode of apoptosis in vertebrates is the mitochondrial pathway. This pathway of
cell death is engaged by a vast array of cell stresses, including deprivation of growth factors …

Manganese (Mn) is essential for many physiological processes, but its functions in innate
immunity remain undefined. Here, we found that Mn 2+ was required for the host defense …

During apoptosis, pro‐apoptotic BAX and BAK are activated, causing mitochondrial outer
membrane permeabilisation (MOMP), caspase activation and cell death. However, even in …