The twenty-first century has witnessed a wave of severe infectious disease outbreaks, not
least the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods …

Introduction As underlined by the late 2019 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination remains the cornerstone of global health-care …

Background The first COVID-19 vaccine outside a clinical trial setting was administered on
Dec 8, 2020. To ensure global vaccine equity, vaccine targets were set by the COVID-19 …

Summary Background The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the global health sector
strategy on viral hepatitis to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 …

Background National immunisation programmes globally are at risk of suspension due to
the severe health system constraints and physical distancing measures in place to mitigate …

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat
worldwide and antibiotic consumption is being increasingly recognized as the main …

Our ability to forecast epidemics far into the future is constrained by the many complexities of
disease systems. Realistic longer-term projections may, however, be possible under well …

Background Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine
policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the …

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unparalleled pursuit of vaccines to induce specific
adaptive immunity, based on virus-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Although …

Immunization is among the most cost-effective public health interventions available and is
estimated to have averted at least 37 million deaths between 2000 and 2019. Since the …