The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in
facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with …

The use of conventional modalities for chronic neck pain remains debatable, primarily
because most treatments have had limited success. We conducted a review of the literature …

Study Design. Nonsystematic review of cervical spine lesions in whiplash-associated
disorders (WAD). Objective. To describe whiplash injury models in terms of basic and …

Whiplash injury is the most common motor vehicle injury, yet it is also one of the most poorly
understood. Here we examine the evidence supporting an organic basis for acute and …

Detecting the initiation of mechanical injury to biological tissue, and not just its ultimate
failure, is critical to a sensitive and specific characterization of tissue tolerance, development …

The spinal facet capsular ligament (FCL) is primarily comprised of heterogeneous
arrangements of collagen fibers. This complex fibrous structure and its evolution under …

The cervical facet joint and its capsule are a common source of neck pain from whiplash.
Mechanical hyperalgesia elicited by painful facet joint distraction is associated with spinal …

This article is to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying chronic pain from whiplash
injury. Studies show that injury produces plasticity changes of different neuronal structures …

Chronic joint pain is a widespread problem that frequently occurs with aging and trauma.
Pain occurs most often in synovial joints, the body's load bearing joints. The mechanical and …

The facet joint is a common source of pain in both the neck and low back, and can be injured
by abnormal loading of the spinal joints. Whereas a host of nociceptive changes including …