Abstract Changes in gene copy number are among the most frequent mutational events in
all genomes and were among the mutations for which a physical basis was first known. Yet …

Mutations in an organism's genome can arise spontaneously, that is, in the absence of
exogenous stress and prior to selection. Mutations are often neutral or deleterious to …

Polymyxins [colistin and polymyxin B (PMB)] comprise an important class of natural product
lipopeptide antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections …

The complement of tRNA genes within a genome is typically considered to be a (relatively)
stable characteristic of an organism. Here, we demonstrate that bacterial tRNA gene set …

Bacteria use a variety of DNA-mobilizing enzymes to facilitate environmental niche
adaptation via horizontal gene transfer. This has led to real-world problems, like the spread …

Organisms differ in the types and numbers of tRNA genes that they carry. While the
evolutionary mechanisms behind tRNA gene set evolution have been investigated …

Apart from horizontal gene transfer and sequence-altering mutational events, antibiotic
resistance can emerge due to the formation of tandem repeats of genomic regions. This …

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the most radioresistant organisms known.
It is able to reconstruct a functional genome from hundreds of radiation-induced …

Independent populations often use the same phenotypic and genetic solutions to adapt to a
selective challenge, suggesting that evolution is surprisingly repeatable. This observation …

The controversial theory of adaptive amplification states gene amplification mutations are
induced by selective environments where they are enriched due to the stress caused by …