This review discusses the topic of cell-cell fusion as it related to cancer causation,
progression and metastasis. The relevant time period is over a century of research and …

When mutation rates are low, natural selection remains effective, and increasing the
mutation rate can give rise to an increase in adaptation rate. When mutation rates are high to …

Beneficial mutations drive adaptive evolution, yet their selective advantage does not ensure
their fixation. Haldane's application of single-type branching process theory showed that …

Deleterious mutations are of extreme evolutionary importance because, even though they
are eliminated by natural selection, their continuous pressure creates a pool of variability in …

The two-stage initiation–progression model of cancer is widely accepted. Although
mutations explain initiation of neoplasia, the assumption that mutations are responsible for …

Muller's ratchet is an evolutionary process that has been implicated in the extinction of
asexual species, the evolution of non-recombining genomes, such as the mitochondria, the …

The diversity harbored by populations of RNA viruses results from high mutation rates, as
well as from the characteristics of the environment where they evolve. By means of a simple …

We studied variability in the reproduction and survival of the zooids of Aeolosoma viride
under controlled environmental conditions. Reproduction is by paratomic fission with …

Muller's ratchet is an evolutionary process that has been implicated in the extinction of
asexual species, the evolution of mitochondria, the degeneration of the Y chromosome, the …

Evolution at high mutation rates is minimally affected by six processes: mutation–selection
balance, error catastrophes, Muller's Ratchet, robustness and compensatory evolution, and …