Glial cells constitute without any dispute an essential element in providing an efficiently
operating nervous system. Work in many labs over the last decades has demonstrated that …

Animals are able to move and react in manifold ways to external stimuli. Thus,
environmental stimuli need to be detected, information must be processed, and, finally, an …

Invertebrate study systems are cornerstones of biological and biomedical research,
providing key insights into fields from genetics to behavioural ecology. Despite the …

Understanding how genotypic variation results in phenotypic variation is especially difficult
for collective behaviour because group phenotypes arise from complex interactions among …

Astrocytic metabolism has taken center stage. Interposed between the neuron and the
vasculature, astrocytes exert control over the fluxes of energy and building blocks required …

Ecdysone signaling plays central roles in morphogenesis and female ovarian development
in holometabolous insects. In the European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), however …

Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species
have been described. These animals have significant ecological functions, for example they …

The insect nervous system is critical for its functional integrity. The cholinergic system, of
which acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme, is essential to the Anopheles …

Highlights•Drosophila glia share many properties with their mammalian
counterparts.•Different subpopulations of glia cells cooperate to support neuronal energy …

The need to protect neural tissue from toxins or other substances is as old as neural tissue
itself. Early recognition of this need has led to more than a century of investigation of the …