Melatonin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that serves a time-keeping function in
various species. In vertebrates, melatonin is produced predominantly by the pineal gland …

Adaptation to the environment is essential for survival, in all wild animal species seasonal
variation in temperature and food availability needs to be anticipated. This has led to the …

Seasonal reproduction is common among mammals at all latitudes, even in the deep tropics.
This paper (i) discusses the neuroendocrine pathways via which foraging conditions and …

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep
every day. The new edition of this book delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these …

Virtually all species have developed cellular oscillations and mechanisms that synchronize
these cellular oscillations to environmental cycles. Such environmental cycles in biotic (eg …

Seasonal neuroendocrine cycles that govern annual changes in reproductive activity,
energy metabolism and hair growth are almost ubiquitous in mammals that have evolved at …

Long-term tracking using global positioning systems (GPS) is widely used to study
vertebrate movement ecology, including fine-scale habitat selection as well as large-scale …

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a paradigmatic photoperiodic species that exhibits a
remarkable annual life cycle, which is tightly coupled to the seasonal changes in day length …

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in many organisms. Animals that are forced to be active
around the clock typically show reduced performance, health and survival. Nevertheless, we …

Winter is a critical season for reindeer herding, with the amount and quality of snow being
among the most important factors determining the condition of reindeer and the annual …