Cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and the enzymes responsible for their
biosynthesis and degradation constitute the endocannabinoid system. In recent decades …

Morphine is the most potent analgesic for chronic pain, but its clinical use has been limited
by the opiate's innate tendency to produce tolerance, severe withdrawal symptoms and …

Memory formation enables the retention of life experiences overtime. Based on previously
acquired information, organisms can anticipate future events and adjust their behaviors to …

Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is a significant public health issue, and standard
medical therapies are often not curative. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has recently shown …

Blockade of cannabinoid type 1 (CB 1)-receptor signaling decreases the rewarding
properties of many drugs of abuse and has been proposed as an anti-addiction strategy …

Opioid administration in preclinical models induces long-lasting adaptations in reward and
habit circuitry. The latest research demonstrates that in the nucleus accumbens, opioid …

Drug addiction is an aberrant memory that shares the same memory processes as other
memories. Brief exposure to drug‐associated cues could result in reconsolidation, a …

This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 …

Rationale Escalation of drug intake and craving are two DSM-5 hallmark symptoms of opioid
use disorder (OUD). Objectives This study determined if escalation of intake as modeled by …

Posttraumatic stress and drug use disorders may stem from aberrant memory formation. As
the endocannabinoid (eCB) system has a pivotal role in emotional memory processing and …