Microorganisms within the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis, as well as
shaping cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy. Our understanding of …

The cancer–immune dialogue subject to immuno-oncological intervention is profoundly
influenced by microenvironmental factors. Indeed, the mucosal microbiota—and more …

Antibiotics (ABX) compromise the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)
blockade in cancer patients, but the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive …

The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor microenvironment,
especially the tumor immune microenvironment. Emerging studies have claimed that …

The intestinal microbiota determines immune responses against extraintestinal antigens,
including tumor-associated antigens. Indeed, depletion or gross perturbation of the …

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought hopes for precision cancer treatment.
However, complex physiological barriers and tumor immunosuppression result in poor …

The danger theory of immunity, introduced by Polly Matzinger in 1994, posits that tissue
stress, damage or infection has a decisive role in determining immune responses. Since …

Highlights•The intestinal microflora influences cancer immunosurveillance.•The gut
microbiota affects the general immune tonus by adjuvant signals.•Specific antimicrobial T …

Background Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising results in several tumors, but its
efficacy is influenced by the immune state of the body. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) …

The gut microbiome is mainly composed of microbiota and mycobiota, both of which play
important roles in the development of the host immune system, metabolic regulation, and …