Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process whereby an endothelial cell
undergoes a series of molecular events that lead to a change in phenotype toward a …

Unlike secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) disease, the
occurrence of functional MR in atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or heart failure with preserved …

The vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a protein that canonically
participates in the adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to the interstitium during …

The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to
emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and …

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells
suppress constituent endothelial properties and take on mesenchymal cell behaviors. To …

Endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells are two different cell types with distinct
morphologies, phenotypes, functions, and gene profiles. Accumulating evidence, notably …

1164 Circulation Research April 12, 2019 blocked the EndMT and fibrotic markers and
reduced migration of TGFβ-treated valve endothelial cells. CD45 is not normally expressed …

Functional or secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with increased
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mechanistically, secondary MR is attributable to an …

Organ fibrosis is a process in which cellular homeostasis is disrupted and extracellular
matrix is excessively deposited. Fibrosis can lead to vital organ failure and there are no …

Highlights•Atrial fibrillation is associated with functional tricuspid and/or mitral regurgitation.•
Dilatation of the annulus is the key mechanism of functional regurgitation.•3DE is key for …