Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter-and intra-
cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival …

The first step of RAF activation involves binding to active RAS, resulting in the recruitment of
RAF to the plasma membrane. To understand the molecular details of RAS-RAF interaction …

RAF family kinases were among the first oncoproteins to be described more than 30 years
ago. They primarily act as signalling relays downstream of RAS, and their close ties to …

RAF family kinases are RAS-activated switches that initiate signalling through the MAP
kinase cascade to control cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival,–. RAF activity is …

RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant
melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects …

RAF kinases are essential effectors of RAS, but how RAS binding initiates the
conformational changes needed for autoinhibited RAF monomers to form active dimers has …

Small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and
constitute a superfamily consisting of more than 100 members. This superfamily is …

RAF family protein kinases are a key node in the RAS/RAF/MAP kinase pathway, the
signaling cascade that controls cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival in response …

Zinc is known to be indispensable to growth and development and transmission of the
genetic message. It does this through a remarkable mosaic of zinc binding motifs that …