Control of HIV-1 gene expression depends on two viral regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev. Tat
stimulates transcription elongation by directing the cellular transcriptional elongation factor P …

Microorganisms produce and accumulate compatible solutes aiming at protecting
themselves from environmental stresses. Among them, the wide spread in nature ectoines …

HIV-1 Tat activates viral transcription and limited Tat transactivation correlates with latency
establishment. We postulated a" block-and-lock" functional cure approach based on …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is modulated by both viral
and cellular factors. A regulatory element in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat known as TAR …

Short peptides that contain the basic region of the HIV-1 Tat protein bind specifically to a
bulged region in TAR RNA. A peptide that contained nine arginines (R9) also bound …

Like all retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency virus selectively packages two copies of
its unspliced RNA genome, both of which are utilized for strand-transfer-mediated …

Replication-competent latent HIV-1 proviruses that persist in the genomes of a very small
subset of resting memory T cells in infected individuals under life-long antiretroviral therapy …

The number of sequenced viral genomes has surged recently, presenting an opportunity to
understand viral diversity and uncover unknown regulatory mechanisms. Here, we …

HIV-1 can infect both activated and resting, non-dividing cells, following which the viral
genome can be permanently integrated into a host cell chromosome. Latent HIV-1 reservoirs …

microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 21-to 23-nucleotide cellular RNAs that control the
expression of cognate target genes. Primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts are transformed …