Designing and constructing pedagogical tests that contain items (ie questions) which
measure various types of skills for different levels of students equitably is a challenging task …

Assessment quality and validity is heavily reliant on the quality of items included in an
assessment or test. Difficulty is an essential factor that can determine items and tests' overall …

Logic as a knowledge representation and reasoning language is a fundamental topic of an
Artificial Intelligence (AI) course and includes a number of sub-topics. One of them, which …

The estimation of the difficulty level of exercises is a fundamental aspect of intelligent
tutoring systems, and it is necessary in order to achieve better adaptation to the students' …

The delivery of educational activities that are tailored and adapted to the student knowledge
level is a fundamental aspect of educational systems. In order to provide exercises and …

A central topic in the educational process concerns the engagement and involvement of
students in educational activities that are tailored and adapted to their knowledge level. In …

In this paper, two tools for helping tutors in teaching the conversion of first order logic (FOL)
formulas into Clause Form (CF), in the context of an interactive web-based system, are …

Difficulty of a question is not only the key information to ensure the rationality of a test paper
and the fairness of a test, but also acts as a critical parameter in intelligent tutoring system …

The aim of this research is to design an automatic system that can estimate the difficulty level
of mathematics problems in the way that is similar to human judgment. This system helps …

The FOL to CF system is an interactive web-based system for learning to convert first order
logic (FOL) formulas into Clause Form (CF). FOL to CF conversion is a fundamental part of …