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Heat is transferred in superfluid He 4 via a process known as thermal counterflow. It has
been known for many years that above a critical heat current the superfluid component in …

We describe a technique, using thin lines of triplet-state He 2* molecular tracers created by
femtosecond-laser field ionization of helium atoms, for visualizing the flow of the normal fluid …

We discuss an experimental technique to visualize motion in the bulk of superfluid 4 He by
tracking micron-sized solid hydrogen tracers. The behavior of the tracers is complex since …

Cryogenic helium-4 has long been recognized as a useful material in fluids research. The
unique properties of helium-4 in the gaseous phase and the normal liquid phase allow for …

This chapter is devoted to the methodology of particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques
and its applications to multiphase flow systems. It reviews, first, the fundamental issues of a …

The quantization of vortex lines in superfluids requires the introduction of their density L (r, t)
in the description of quantum turbulence. The space homogeneous balance equation for L …

Andreev reflection of quasiparticle excitations provides a sensitive and passive probe of flow
in superfluid 3He-B. It is particularly useful for studying complex flows generated by vortex …

We report preliminary results of a systematic study of the flow of normal fluid component in
steady-state quantum turbulence in thermal counterflow of superfluid^ 4 He 4 He using a …

We have measured the drag and inertial forces on wire resonators in superfluid 4 He at
millikelvin temperatures. At low velocities the behavior is dominated by the intrinsic …