Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infected many vaccinated and convalescent
individuals,–. Despite the reduced protection from infection, individuals who received three …

Vaccines generate high-affinity antibodies by recruiting antigen-specific B cells to germinal
centers (GCs), but the mechanisms governing the recruitment to GCs on secondary …

Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 slowly wane over time. Here, we examined how time
affects antibody potency. To assess the impact of antibody maturation on durable …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

How antigen valency affects B cells in vivo during immune responses is not well understood.
Here, using HIV immunogens with defined valencies ranging from 1 to 60, we investigated …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive
immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and …

Antibody responses are characterized by increasing affinity and diversity over time. Affinity
maturation occurs in germinal centers by a mechanism that involves repeated cycles of …