This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2)
listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied …

High-quality urban blue-green spaces are essential to enhance the well-being of residents.
Public preferences in urban landscapes are closely related to visual behavior and can meet …

Multiple-choice items are universally used in formal education. Since they should assess
learning, not test-wiseness or guesswork, they must be constructed following the highest …

I analyzed a corpus of the international English language testing system (IELTS) comprising
256 listening sections (1996–2021). The primary objective of the study was to gain insights …

Studies have shown that test-takers tend to use keyword-matching strategies when taking
listening tests. Keyword-matching involves matching content words in the written modality …

Data retrieval systems supporting the discovery and reuse of open data are emerging as
important tools in the open data ecosystem. However, user satisfaction with them is relatively …

The article deals with the innovative, cutting age solution within the language testing realm,
namely computer adaptive language testing (CALT) in accordance with the NATO …

This study aimed to investigate the test-taking strategies needed for successful completion of
a lecture-based listening test by employing self-reported test-taking strategy use, actual …

The idea of sources other than the test-takers' knowledge leading to different results on high-
stakes tests was the motif based on which the present investigation was initiated on the …

Language testing is witnessing increasing interest in the potential for AI to support test
development and validation. To date, published research involving AI in language testing …