When one encounters a novel stimulus this sets off a cascade of brain responses, activating
several neuromodulatory systems. As a consequence novelty has a wide range of effects on …

The surprise–attention hypothesis assumes a strong connection between surprise—
expectancy discrepant events—and attention. Attention is easily engaged with surprising …

A rich body of studies in the human and non-human literature has examined the question
how novelty influences memory. For a variety of different stimuli, ranging from simple objects …

Novelty is central to the study of memory, but the wide range of experimental manipulations
aimed to reveal its effects on learning produced inconsistent results. The novelty/encoding …

Exploring novel environments enhances learning in animals. Due to differing traditions,
research into the effects of spatial novelty on learning in humans is scarce. Recent …

Memory is one of the most important cognitive functions in a person's life. Memory is
essential for recalling personal memories and for performing many everyday tasks, such as …

Schemas are foundational mental structures shaped by experience. They influence
behaviour, guide the encoding of new memories and are shaped by associated information …

Previous work demonstrated age-associated increases in the anterior P2 and age-related
decreases in the anterior N2 in response to novel stimuli. Principal component analysis …

Fulfilled predictions lead to neural suppression akin to repetition suppression, but it is
currently unclear if such effects generalize to broader stimulus categories in the absence of …

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is classically linked to inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and
reward processing. Recent perspectives propose that the OFC also generates predictions …