How to protect eyewitness memory against the misinformation effect: A meta-analysis of post-warning studies

H Blank, C Launay - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2014 - Elsevier
Four decades of research and hundreds of studies speak to the power of post-event
misinformation to bias eyewitness accounts of events (see eg, Loftus' summary, 2005). A …

He did it! She did it! No, she did not! Multiple causal explanations and the continued influence of misinformation

UKH Ecker, S Lewandowsky, CSC Cheung… - Journal of memory and …, 2015 - Elsevier
Two types of misinformation effects are discussed in the literature—the post-event
misinformation effect and the continued influence effect. The former refers to the distorting …

Undoing suggestive influence on memory: The reversibility of the eyewitness misinformation effect

A Oeberst, H Blank - Cognition, 2012 - Elsevier
Presenting inconsistent postevent information about a witnessed incident typically
decreases the accuracy of memory reports concerning that event (the misinformation effect) …

False memory≠ false memory: DRM errors are unrelated to the misinformation effect

J Ost, H Blank, J Davies, G Jones, K Lambert… - PloS one, 2013 - journals.plos.org
The DRM method has proved to be a popular and powerful, if controversial, way to study
'false memories'. One reason for the controversy is that the extent to which the DRM effect …

Double misinformation: Effects on eyewitness remembering.

H Blank, A Panday, R Edwards… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - psycnet.apa.org
Eyewitnesses may be exposed to multiple, mutually contradictory pieces of misinformation.
In the simplest case of double misinformation, an original detail is targeted by misinformation …

Cognitive and metacognitive determinants of eyewitness memory accuracy over time

AA Shapira, A Pansky - Metacognition and Learning, 2019 - Springer
In the present study, we investigated the accuracy of eyewitness accounts over time from a
metacognitive perspective, in which post-retrieval monitoring and control processes play a …

Comparing the influence of directly vs. indirectly encountered post-event misinformation on eyewitness remembering

H Blank, J Ost, J Davies, G Jones, K Lambert… - Acta psychologica, 2013 - Elsevier
Some research has found a stronger influence of directly (face-to-face; co-witness;'social')
vs. indirectly (through written reports,'non-social') encountered post-event misinformation on …

Sensitization instructions can reduce the misinformation effect and improve the eyewitness confidence–accuracy relationship.

ER Spearing, EY Mah, R Jagota, KA Wade… - Journal of Applied …, 2024 - psycnet.apa.org
Multiple studies have reported evidence that the misinformation effect can be reduced or
even eliminated under some conditions, but these studies have typically used warnings that …

Enhancing the quantity and accuracy of eyewitness memory via initial memory testing

A Pansky, E Nemets - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and …, 2012 - Elsevier
Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of initial memory testing in terms of
“inoculating” eyewitness memory against forgetting. The aim of the present study was to …

A Cross‐Cultural and Intra‐Cultural Investigation of the Misinformation Effect in Eyewitness Memory Reports

N Anakwah, R Horselenberg, L Hope… - Applied Cognitive …, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
The culture in which individuals are socialised can play a role in shaping their eyewitness
memory reports. Drawing on self‐construal theory, we examined cultural differences in the …