Infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) remains a major burden on global health and
agriculture. Our understanding of the immunological mechanisms that govern whether an …

Industrialized diets that incorporate processed foods and are often high in simple sugars
and fats and low in fiber have myriad health impacts, many of which may operate via impacts …

Highlights•The rise of specialized subdisciplines of biology brought the demise of natural
history research.•A new natural history of animal behaviour combines field and modern lab …

The measurement of biomarkers in blood and excreta can enable immune status
assessment and provide prognostic information on individual health outcomes. In this …

Abstract The Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Union for
Conservation of Nature emphasize that ex situ conservation efforts are unavoidable …

Host immune defenses are important components of host–parasite interactions that affect
the outcome of infection and may have fitness consequences for hosts when increased …

The assessment of mucosal immunity as a component of animal health is an important
aspect for the understanding of variation in host immunity, and its tradeoff against other life …

Fecal cortisol has been suggested an indicator of preceding physiological stress, while the
secretory IgA acts as the first defense against pathogens, viruses and bacteria in animals …

Environmental factors are a crucial determinant of an animal's fitness. The effects of
environment on fitness are often mediated by behavioral mechanisms as well as …

Quantifying physiological challenges has gained increasing importance in evolutionary
biology, behavioral physiology, and conservation. One matrix that is particularly useful for …