This article reviews findings up to the end of 1997 about the inducible transcription factors
(ITFs) c-Jun, JunB, JunD, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2, Krox-20 (Egr-2) and Krox-24 (NGFI-A …

To understand the animal mind, we have to reconstruct how animals recognize the external
world through their own eyes. For the reconstruction to be realistic, explanations must be …

Early experience in infancy affects cognitive development. Birds, like mammals, acquire
cognitive flexibility attributed to a well-developed telencephalon. Precocial chicks acquire …

Filial imprinting leads to the formation of social attachment if training is performed during a
brief sensitive period after hatching. We found that thyroid hormone (3, 5, 3 …

The thyroid hormone 3, 5, 3′-triiodothyronine (T3) is considered to act acutely in the chick
forebrain because focal infusion of T3 to the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) causes …

In birds, during prenatal 'critical periods' the thermoregulatory system can be life-long
imprinted by the actual incubation temperature. The aim of the present study is to elucidate …

In the past 10 years, the study of the expression of immediate early genes, such as c-fos, in
the brain has become a common method for the identification of brain areas involved in the …

Imprinting in chicks is a good model for elucidating the processes underlying neural
plasticity changes during juvenile learning. We recently reported that neural activation of a …

Animals are predisposed to memorize specific features of objects they encounter, and to link
them with behavioral outputs in a selective manner. In this study, we examined whether …