Hydrogen liquefaction: a review of the fundamental physics, engineering practice and future opportunities

SZS Al Ghafri, S Munro, U Cardella, T Funke… - Energy & …, 2022 - pubs.rsc.org
Hydrogen is emerging as one of the most promising energy carriers for a decarbonised
global energy system. Transportation and storage of hydrogen are critical to its large-scale …

Measurements of boil-off gas and stratification in cryogenic liquid nitrogen with implications for the storage and transport of liquefied natural gas

F Perez, SZS Al Ghafri, L Gallagher, A Siahvashi… - Energy, 2021 - Elsevier
The boil-off gas (BOG) produced from liquefied natural gas (LNG) mixtures in cryogenic
storage tanks must be predicted reliably as a function of tank shape, heat ingress, thermal …

Solid-fluid equilibrium measurements of benzene in methane and implications for freeze-out at LNG conditions

A Siahvashi, SZS Al Ghafri, EF May - Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Information about the solubility of benzene in light hydrocarbons is particularly
important for the prediction of freeze-out risk in LNG production. Engineering models …

Crystallization risk of aromatic compounds in LNG production. Part II: The solubility of p-xylene in methane-rich mixtures down to cryogenic temperatures

M Campestrini, S Hoceini, P Stringari - Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2024 - Elsevier
New measurements of solubility of solid p-xylene in solvents methane and (90% mol/mol)
methane+(10% mol/mol) ethane have been carried out using a cryogenic apparatus and …

Neutron imaging and molecular simulation of systems from methane and p-xylene

M Melčák, TM Durďáková, Š Tvrdý, J Šercl, JM Lee… - Scientific Reports, 2025 - nature.com
Bulk properties of two-phase systems comprising methane and liquid p-xylene were derived
experimentally using neutron imaging and theoretically predicted using molecular dynamics …

Measurements of solidification kinetics for benzene in methane at high pressures and cryogenic temperatures

CC Sampson, PJ Metaxas, A Siahvashi… - Chemical Engineering …, 2021 - Elsevier
A stirred, high-pressure, visual microscopy-based apparatus was used to investigate solid-
formation kinetics in LNG-relevant binary mixtures. The apparatus can detect solid crystals …

Absorption of pressurized methane in normal and supercooled p-xylene revealed via high-resolution neutron imaging

O Vopička, TM Durďáková, P Číhal, P Boillat, P Trtik - Scientific Reports, 2023 - nature.com
Supercooling of liquids leads to peculiarities which are scarcely studied under high-
pressure conditions. Here, we report the surface tension, solubility, diffusivity, and partial …

[HTML][HTML] Optical measurements of solid nitrogen solubility in hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures

MTJ Barwood, PJ Metaxas, PE Falloon… - International Journal of …, 2024 - Elsevier
The solubility of impurities in hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures is essential information for
the design of liquid hydrogen plants. However, large data scatter and inconsistent …

A Joule-Thomson Loop to Study High-Pressure Fluid Expansion

K Jeong, BWE Norris, A Siahvashi, F Jiao… - Energy & …, 2024 - ACS Publications
A specialized facility was constructed to investigate the Joule-Thomson (JT) effect during
fluid expansion over a valve. The flow loop facility consists of 1.5 m long, 1 in. outer diameter …

Prediction of solid formation conditions in mixed refrigerants with iso-pentane and methane at high pressures and cryogenic temperatures

MS Sadaghiani, A Siahvashi, BWE Norris… - Energy, 2022 - Elsevier
High boiling-point components in mixed refrigerants can improve the performance of natural
gas and hydrogen liquefaction facilities. However, such heavy compounds can freeze out …