The liver is the largest internal organ of the body with complex microarchitecture and
function that plays critical roles in drug metabolism. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for the pharmaceutical industry and
constitutes one of the most important reasons for the termination of promising drug …

Although idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are rare, they are still a major concern to
patient safety. Reactive metabolites are widely accepted as playing a pivotal role in the …

Drug-induced liver injury remains a frequent reason for drug withdrawal. Accordingly, more
predictive and translational models are required to assess human hepatotoxicity risk. This …

To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities
of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two …

Purpose Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30–100 nm in diameter) secreted by cells
into extracellular space. The present study evaluated the effect of chemotherapeutic agents …

Xenobiotic safety assessment is an area that impacts a multitude of different industry sectors
such as medicinal drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, cosmetics and environmental …

In early preclinical drug development, potential candidates are tested in the laboratory using
isolated cells. These in vitro experiments traditionally involve cells cultured in a two …

Many in vitro liver cell models, such as 2D systems, that are used to assess the hepatotoxic
potential of xenobiotics suffer major limitations arising from a lack of preservation of …

Despite extensive breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics in the last
decades, the success rates of drug development projects remain low. To improve …