Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and
circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in …

Context. Complex organic molecules are detected in many sources in the warm inner
regions of envelopes surrounding deeply embedded protostars. Exactly how these species …

ABSTRACT Our modern day Solar System has 4.6× 109 yr of evolution behind it with just a
few relics of its birth conditions remaining. Comets are thought to be some of the most …

Context. Many molecules observed in the interstellar medium are thought to result from the
thermal desorption of ices. Parameters such as the desorption energy and pre-exponential …

It was in 'The Magellanic Cloud'(1955)–a science fiction novel by Stanislaw Lem–that
engineers travelling to another star noticed that their spacecraft for unknown reasons …

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) are ubiquitously detected in the gas phase
and thought to be mostly formed on icy grains. Nevertheless, there have not been any …

Formamide (NH 2 CHO) has previously been detected in several star-forming regions and is
thought to be a precursor for different prebiotic molecules. Its formation mechanism is still …

Context. The chemical inventory of planets is determined by the physical and chemical
processes that govern the early phases of star formation. Nitrogen-bearing species are of …

Context. Peptide-like bond molecules, which can take part in the formation of proteins in a
primitive Earth environment, have been detected only towards a few hot cores and hot …