Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to involve dopaminergic disturbances, but the nature of
those disturbances remains controversial. Existing hypotheses suggest that TS involves 1) …

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are highly prevalent and severely debilitating brain
illnesses caused by aberrant brain growth and development. Resulting in cognitive, social …

Postinfectious neuroinflammation has been implicated in models of acute onset obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD) in children since the description of pediatric autoimmune …

Postinfectious neuroinflammation has been implicated in multiple models of acute-onset
obsessive-compulsive disorder including Sydenham chorea (SC), pediatric acute-onset …

Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [eg pre-and perinatal
difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might …

The pathophysiology of the tics that define Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is not well
understood. Local disinhibition within the striatum has been hypothesized to play a …

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple,
recurring motor and phonic tics. Rich empirical evidence shows that the severity of tics and …

Tics, such as are seen in Tourette syndrome (TS), are common and can cause profound
morbidity, but they are poorly understood. Tics are potentiated by psychostimulants, stress …

Accumulating evidence suggests that Tourette's Syndrome (TS)–a multifactorial pediatric
disorder characterized by the recurrent exhibition of motor tics and/or vocal utterances–can …

Repeated exposure to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) may constitute a
vulnerability factor in the onset and course of pediatric motor disturbances. GAS …