Recent trends in landscape architecture investigate new approaches, methods, and
technologies to understand, monitor, manage, continuity, and sustainably develop heritage …

To cope with the fast urbanisation and population growth, the public and private sector
housing developments in Kuala Lumpur have prioritised the high-rise apartment building …

The rapid economical, socio-cultural changes in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq in the last three
decades promoted radical changes on both urban and architectural level. Several traditional …

An understanding of the repetition of patterns was carried out by Linnaeus as a taxonomist
in 1700a by classifying the shape of flowers in plants while Durand categorized buildings …

Over the past thirty years, Sulaymaniyah City has experienced tremendous sociocultural and
economic upheaval, which has led to substantial changes in both the urban and …

At the beginning of the 20th century, the terms genotype and phenotype in biology were
adopted into architecture. In the science of architecture genotype was an abstract relational …

Space syntax recognizes that social structure is embedded in the configuration of spaces
(Hillier and Hanson 1984). The way we design our housing carries some spatial properties …

A house requires access to a more complex street network to provide inhabitants with
functions not obtainable inside their own dwelling. Spatially, this requirement manifests itself …