Reorganization of the Asian climate from one dominated by global planetary wind systems
to a regional monsoon climate is closely related to the surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau …

Paleogeography is the study of the changing surface of Earth through time. Driven by plate
tectonics, the configuration of the continents and ocean basins has been in constant flux …

The oxygen isotope compositions of carbonate and phosphatic fossils hold the key to
understanding Earth-system evolution during the last 500 million years. Unfortunately, the …

Mammals have dominated Earth for approximately 55 Myr thanks to their adaptations and
resilience to warming and cooling during the Cenozoic. All life will eventually perish in a …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

Sea levels shape the face of the Earth, define processes of sedimentation, and influence the
evolution of life via the distribution of habitats. Ancient topographies can be reconstructed …

The fossil record is the primary source of information on how biodiversity has varied in deep
time, providing unique insight on the long-term dynamics of diversification and their drivers …

The early evolutionary and much of the extinction history of marine animals is thought to be
driven by changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]) in the ocean,–. In turn,[O2] is …

Abstract Distinctive uppermost Ediacaran–Ordovician rocks (Avalonian overstep sequence)
were key in definition of Avalonia, which comprises large areas of the NE Appalachians and …

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a prevalent feature of modern ecosystems across
diverse clades,,–. Recognized for well over a century, the causal mechanisms for LDGs …