Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

BACKGROUND Each organ in the human body has its own capillary bed to carry out its
distinctive and versatile functions in response to dynamically changing systemic and local …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is emerging as a regulator of angiogenesis, but the precise
role of glutamine metabolism in EC s is unknown. Here, we show that depriving EC s of …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory arterial pathogenic condition, which leads to ischemic
cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, stroke …

Significance: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can lead to the development of
comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and microvascular/macrovascular complications. Both …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOX) plays an essential
role in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced diabetic vascular endothelial …

The induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) by hyperglycemia is a key
event responsible for endothelial activation and injury. Heat shock protein 22 (HSP22) is a …

Oxidative stress within the vascular endothelium, due to excess generation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), is thought to be fundamental to the initiation and progression of the …

The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are dimeric
disulfide-linked receptor tyrosine kinases, whose actions regulate metabolic and mitogenic …