In brief The syndrome of preterm labor comprises multiple established and novel etiologies.
This review summarizes the distinct immune mechanisms implicated in preterm labor and …

Preterm birth (gestational age< 37 completed weeks) has increased in prevalence in most
countries in the past 20 years and now affects nearly 11% of all births worldwide. Because of …

Premature birth is a significant cause of infant and child morbidity and mortality. In the United
States, the premature birth rate, which had steadily increased during the 1990s and early …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) continues to be a challenging problem for clinicians
despite advances in both obstetric and neonatal care. IUGR is defined as a rate of fetal …

Background: In 2010, there were an estimated 15 million preterm births worldwide (< 37 wk
gestation). Survivors are at risk of adverse outcomes, and burden estimation at global and …

Objective To investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age< 37 weeks) and
risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. Design National cohort study. Setting …

Developmental programming of non-communicable diseases is now an established
paradigm. With respect to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, adverse events …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern and a key determinant of
poor health outcomes. While the burden of CKD is reasonably well defined in developed …

An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood
pressure and kidney disease in later life. Many studies have focused on low birth weight …

Accumulating evidence suggests that both the intrauterine environment and growth during
early life can influence the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as …