The importance of selenium (Se) for medicine, industry and the environment is increasingly
apparent. Se is essential for many species, including humans, but toxic at elevated …

Selenium is an essential mineral naturally found in soil, water, and some of the food. As an
antioxidant, it is one of the necessary trace elements in human body and has been …

The element selenium (Se) is both essential and toxic for most life forms, with a narrow
margin between deficiency and toxicity. Phytotechnologies using plants and their associated …

Selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) are chemically similar. Most plants cannot discriminate
between the two, with the exception of Se hyperaccumulator species, which preferentially …

As an essential micronutrient, selenium (Se) exerts its biological function as a catalytic entity
in a variety of enzymes. From a toxicological perspective, however, Se can become …

The biological concept of stress originated in mammals, where a “General Adaptation
Syndrome” describes a set of common integrated physiological responses to diverse …

Plants accumulate and tolerate Se to varying degrees, up to 15,000 mg Se/kg dry weight for
Se hyperaccumulators. Plant Se accumulation may exert positive or negative effects on …

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) have been widely distributed around the world to serve as
pollinators for agriculture. They can encounter metal pollutants through various routes of …

Simple Summary Honey bees play a pivotal role in the sustainability of ecosystems and
biodiversity. Many factors including parasites, pathogens, pesticide residues, forage losses …

Several studies have found high levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in
honey bee hives located near urbanized or industrial areas. Insect herbivores and …