Land-use allocation has long been an important area of research in regional science. Land-
use patterns are fundamental to the functions of the biosphere, creating interactions that …

In this paper, we introduce a new spatially constrained clustering problem called the max‐p‐
regions problem. It involves the clustering of a set of geographic areas into the maximum …

A measure of shape compactness is a numerical quantity representing the degree to which
a shape is compact. Ways to provide an accurate measure have been given great attention …

This article discusses spatial optimization in geography, focusing on contributions of
geographers in explicit geographical contexts. An overview of spatial optimization is given …

Beginning in the 1960s, techniques from operations research began to be used to generate
political districting plans. A classical example is the integer programming model of Hess et …

As cities continuously expand and with the emergence of mega-city regions, the urban
functional zones (UFZs) have spread beyond their original administrative boundaries. An …

Tobler's first law of geography is widely recognized as reflecting broad empirical realities in
geography. Its key concepts of “near” and “related” are intuitive in a univariate setting …

This article reviews the interdisciplinary research field of spatial optimization for land
acquisition problems. We start with a theoretical framework to identify three categories of …

This paper presents a bi-objective model to design a closed loop supply chain with
simultaneous consideration of districting regions, facility location–allocation, service sharing …

High‐resolution spatial data have become increasingly available with modern data
collection techniques and efforts. However, it is often inappropriate to use the default …